Ledger-sheet and method for its production.



r H. BROWN.

LEDGER SHEET AND METHOD FOR ITS PRODUCTION. I

APPLICATION FILED AueII. 1913 1,146,997. I PatentedJu1y20, 1915.

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H. BROWN.

LEDGER SHEET AND METHOD FOR ITS PRODUCTION. APPLICATION FILEDAUG.I.19!3.

16,997. Patented July 20, 1915.

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- To all whom it may concern HOWARD BROWN, OF

Be it-known that I, HOWARD BROWN. a citizen of the United Springfield,in the county of Hampden and State of Massachusetts, and usefulImprovements in Ledger-Sheets and Methods for Their Production, of whichthe following is a specification.

zoibe but having the I bent, compacted under certain special,

It is the object of the present invention to provide paper sheets,suitable for use in loose leaf lodgers and having near the hingedportion ofthe sheet, an area specially treated to make the sheet morepliant and to permit ready bending when in the ledger without crinklingor 'puckering at the bend.

In general the a sheet of paper suitable for use in ledgers, area atwhich the leaf is to condition, to bring the fibers close together, butwithout substantial displacement or fracture, thereby" not only reducingthe thickness of the; t at the treated area, but also changing physicalstructure and increasing its den pliant than the body a way and undersue the leaf is flexed, as lt must be in opening the ledger in which itis placed, the leaf will readily bend at the treated area, some- What asif it were there hinged andwithlengthwise of the sheet and in such may.be obtained, can be applied to ledger papers of standard quality andpreferably is applied as a part of the manufacturing operation.andbefore the paper reaches a,

finished condition on the paper making machine.

In-a general Way, the application to the I of paper while in the papermaking machine and while under definite and rather exacting physicalconditions of a severe compression of the sheet along those areas, whichare to serve as the hinges of the ledger pages. The paper sheet undertreatment, must be neither the process comprises and the degree ofcompression and its duration, must be nicely adjusted to the conditionsat hand and the subsequent treatment of the sheet must be such astocheck the return of the compacted fibers to their initial and looserelation to one another. The apparatus whereby this result may beefi'ected, may vary-in detail, but the advantageously .States, residingat a paper making have invented new d product may be said to be tarycompression under hereinafter claimed.

d making it more onditions, that when over the roll moving paper or web.too wet nor too dry SPRINGFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS. LEDGETt-SHEE'I ANDMETHOD FOR ITS PRODUCTION.

be carried out by mounting between the first and second drier drums ofmachine, such as a Foura pair of rolls between sheet is passed at arapid rolls bearing hard and inrinier machine, which the paper rate, oneof these elastic disks which bear with heavy pressure on the sheet ofpaper, squeezing it against theopposed,roll and compacting anddensifying' the structure where it is com- 'pressed. The web thus beingtreated, passes almost instantly to the second drier drum and the heattreatment at this drum and at the succeeding drums, so fixes or bakesthe web structure, that the nently the effect of its the rotating disks.In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of the roller-mechanism through which a Web of paper may be passed continuously tocarry Fig. 2 is an end eleshowing their position adJacent to the firstand second drier drums of a paper making machine. perspective view of aledger sheet treated according tothe present process.

hes apparatus shown in Fig. l comp a pair' jo ;-standards 1 and 2slotted at upper 'eiids to receive the'bearing blocks of the lower roll3. This roll is of hard inelastic material, preferably metal and isdriven in suitable manner, as through a clutch4 anipinion 5 from a gear6,Which may be one big-the gears of the paper making machine. The speedof rotation of roll 3 is such that the sheet of paper/7 passes at aspeedcorresponding to the surface speed of the", drier drums, with whichthis devicejis associated.

The relative l {at are indicated inF considered as theiir ries receivingthe web 0 from the press rolls of th In W hine and delivering it overroll 3 for treatment, after which thepaper passes directly 'tothe nextdrier drum 9 so that the heating and drying action of that drum mayserve quickly to fix vation of the rolls,

rises here drum 8 may be er drum of the sein the paper, the compressingeffect set up at'the rolls. The drying drums may be of usualconstruction with a felt 10 holding the paper webin close contact withthe steam heated cylinders of the drier during its rapid movementthrough this stage of the V Patented July 20, 1915. Application filedAugust- 1, 1913. Serial N 0. 782,512.

process can sheet retains perma severe and momenout the process ions ofthe drier drums down -by stud 1t).

v by means of machine; The paper may then pass to other drying drums inusual manner and finally through calender rolls. as in ordinarypractice. The calenderiug operation, does not disturb the beneficialeffect of compacting the fibers locally and leaves these compacted areassubstantially unatfected.-,

blounted above blocks 11. and 12 slidingly slotted standards 1 and l,13. which may be relatively small in diameter and on which a pluralityof disks 1-1 are mounted. These disks are hard and inelastie and may beof brass or of iron or the like, with suitable collars 15 and clampingbolts 16. They preferably are adjustable along the shaft 13 to vary thedistance between the treated areas on the paper web. The total length ofshaft l i'niay' 'ary, may be long enough for use on an eighty inchpapermachine, the disks 14 being sulfieient in' number and so spaced asto yield paper cutting to advantage commercially. With shaft 13 aslong'as this. there is a tendency for the shaft to bow up in the middleor to whip under the heavy pressures which must be applied. and tocounter-act this tendeucy and to equalize the pressure throughout theentire width of the sheet. use is made of a weighting roll 17surmounting the disks 1% and resting directly thereon. with itstrunnions housed in bearing blocks 18. slid ingly mounted in standards 1and 2 and held which passes freely through the cross bar 20,surn'iounting each standard. but is provided with a hand wheelpositioned in the 21 threaded on the stud in such a way that,

by turning the wheel, the stud may be raised through the cross members20 to lift bearing block 18, thereby to lift the weight roll 17away fromthe disks 1 L. 'eighted levers 22 Fig; may be provided for each standard'to increase the effective pressure of the weight roll 17 on the disk.

The disk carrying shaft tated at the same peripheralspeed as roll 3 asuitable gear 23 and also is capable of longitudinal shifting throughthe action of a hand wheel 2+ mounted to turn a shaft 25. whereon iscarried a yokeQG, the arms of which fit in an annular groove 27 cut inthe end of shaft 13. It sometimes happens in practice. that the paperstrip 17 shifts slowly in tudinally thereof and in order that thecompressed areas may be properly located on the sheet. it is desirableto shift the disks. as abo e recited. to the same degree.

In carrying out the process here disclosed, it is desirable that thematerial under treat.- meut be brought to proper tiou before thepressure is applied. as otherwise either the impression will not beretained or there will be destructive crushing and fracture of thefibers. Theinitial pro.-

roll 3 with. its bearing 's a roll or shaft v but - for prolongedperiods stantly to the second drier on around succeeding drums.

reaches the calenders and are not or roll 13 is ro-.

' condensed portion h ition on roll 3 longi- I physical condiduction ofthe paper web may be in accordance'with standard practice, as forinstance on a Fourdrinier machine and when that continuous strip comesfrom the press rolls to the first drum of the drier. it is damp andsomewhat plastic and the fibers which make up its structure are mattedtogether as a porous mass, substantially uniform in thickness andhomogeneous in structure. At the first drier drum, the heat of thedrun'r and the development of water vapor or steam in the web. as theresult of that heat, acts to temper the mass of fibe'and while removingsome of'the excess moisture. leaves the structure in pliant condition,best suited for the severe compression. which it must undergo at thenext stage of its treatment; In this porous-andlooselyinatted'condition, with the fibers tempered and plastic. thesheet passes through over roll 3 and under the disks 14 and there for abrief instant is subjected to extreme pressure along predeterminedlines. the areas thus compressed having their fibers compacted. butwithout breaking or destruction and with substantially no displacementof the fibers other than that incident to thiscompacting. The pressurethus momentarily applied. is extreme, higher than could be appliedsafely and after this momentary compression, the paper goes almostindrum and then the action of these drums serving to fix or bake in theeffect produced by the disks, stiffening up the fiber structure andrendering the sheet firm and hard for deliveryto the calender rolls. Itthus results that areas which have undergone extreme con'ipression andquick baking, are still in the paper when it: disturbed in the calenderrolls, but remain characteristic features of the sheet. Ultimately thelong web of paper with its longitudinally extending treated areas may becut up into ledger sheets of the general character shown in FigTB withthe treated areas eX- tending across to constitute the hinge or bendingportion of the sheet. This hinge or I paper more flexibility and thebook made up of these sheets when open, will lie fiat and in convenientposition for use. i r

'I claim V 1. Ledger paper for use in loose leaf books having areas inthe form of straight lines or hands therein at which the fiber structureis more dense and at which the sheet has been rendered more flexible byextreme and momentary compression of the fiber structure while in a dampand'plastic condition.

of the sheet gives the 2. The method of producing paper suit- 7 able foruse in loose leaf ledgers and having therein areas of greater flexlbihtythan the main body of thesheet, which consists in compressing the fibermaking machine to the structure of the sheet after it has beencompletely formed [and when but partially dry, these compressions ,beingalong predetermined straight lines and their effect being fixed rapiddrying of the paper web after the compression has taken place.

3. The method'of producing paper having therein areas of greaterflexibility than the main body of the sheet which consists in treatingthe paper while passing through the paper making machine and while inthe damp and plastic condition which is to be found between the firstand second drier drums, the treatment consisting in subjecting the sheetalong predetermined areas to extreme and momentary compression, Wherebythe fiber structure is compacted locally and thereafter quicklysubjecting the sheet with its compressed areas to a drying operationwhereby the effect of the compression is fixed in the fiber structure toproduce areas of high density and of greater fiexibility than in themain bodyof the sheet.

4. The method of treating paper to render it better adapted for use inloose leaf books, which consists invsubjecting the paper as it comesfrom the first drier drum of the paper compressing action of rigid diskscontacting directly with the moving paper web and squeezing it tightlyagainst an opposed roll and then quickly in the paper sheet by use inloose leaf books with he process of making ledger paper,

tary compression along limited areas of the web to thereby densify thefiber structure at these areas and thereafter drying the sheet to fix inthe paper the effect of this compression and to yield a firm productsuitable for r the compressed areas positioned to give flexibility tothe pages of the book.

6. Ledger paper adapted to be used for loose leaf ledger sheets, havinga band or stripe therein, wherein the paper is compacted so as to makeit more flexible but not substantially weaker along said band or stripe.

In witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name to this specificationin the presence of two Witnesses.

HOWARD BROWN.

Witnesses:

S. C. MORLEY, D. A. MACDONALD.

